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Interleukin 18 polymorphisms are associated with lipodystrophy syndrome in Brazilians HIV patients
L. Castelar1, A.P. Fernandes1, M.M. Silva1, E.C. Castelli2, N.H.S. Deghaide2, C.T. Mendes2, R.S. Sanches1, M.R.R. Rodriguez3, E.A. Donadi2
1School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, 2Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, 3Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Faculty of Nursing, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
Background: High plasma levels of Interleukin 18 (IL-18) have been described as a major pathogenetic feature of lipodystrophy syndrome (LS) development in HIV patients receiveing antiretroviral treatment. Some IL-18 polymorphism sites have been associated with the level of production of this cytokine. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that polymorphisms in IL-18 were associated with the LS.
Methods: Eighty-eight patients with SL, 79 without SL (both groups treated with antiretroviral therapy) and 133 healthy controls (HC) were recruited for the study. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of IL-18 at positions -607 C/A and -137 C/G were detected using PCR amplified DNA hybridized with sequence-specific primers.
Results: There were significant differences in the genotype and allele distribution of -607 C/A polymorphism of the IL-18 gene between the patients with and without LS but no differences between the patients and controls. The -607A allele and the -607AA genotype were significantly increased in patients with LS as compared with the patients without LS (p=0.0004, OR=2.348; IC95%=1.473 - 3.742 and p=0.0071, OR=4.075; IC95%=1.443 - 11.513, respectively). The -607C allele and the -607CC genotype were significantly increased in patients without LS as compared with the patients with LS (p=0.0004, OR=0.426; IC95%=0.267 - 0.679 and p=0.0048, OR=0.391; IC95%=0.209 - 0.733, respectively). No significant differences in -137 G/C genotype and allele distribution were observed with patients were compared to controls.
Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that the -607A allele and -607AA genotype are related to increased risk for the development of the lipodystrophy syndrome and that the -607C allele and -607CC genotype to resistance against LS development.
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