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Mobile Populations and Globalization |
MOBS03 |
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SR 11 (1400) |
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None |
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16:30 - 18:00, 04.08.2008 |
| Code: |
MOBS03 |
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Co-Chairs: |
Jennifer Hirsch, United States
Davide Mosca, Switzerland (Chairperson)
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 Click here to see a webcast of this session on kaisernetwork.org
This session will bring together scientists, community members, and immigration activists to discuss the links between international population movement and the global HIV/AIDS epidemic. The session will address the challenges created by voluntary and forced migrations in terms of the production of HIV risk and the particular vulnerabilities that migrant populations face. It will also highlight how migration may be propelled by global inequalities in access to adequate AIDS-related care and medication, and the barriers that HIV positive migrants face in crossing international borders.
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Presentations in this session:
| 16:30 | Introductory remarks
Davide Mosca, Switzerland
| 16:40
MOBS0301 | Dynamics of population mobility and AIDS: Global context, action and local effect
Manuel Angel Castillo, Mexico
| 16:50
MOBS0302
Powerpoint (272 KB) | The challenges for HIV positive women in southern Sudan
Phoebe Yona Wobi, Sudan
| 17:00
MOBS0303
Powerpoint (7.44 MB) | Migration and AIDS: Progress and challenges in Central America, Mexico and the US
Rene Leyva-Flores, Mexico
| 17:10
MOBS0304 | Virus, visas and violations: The impact of health testing on migrant workers
Maria Lourdes S. Marin, Philippines
| 17:20
MOBS0305
Powerpoint (890 KB) | The production of marital risk: Labor migration and the social organization of infidelity in five countries
Jennifer Hirsch, United States
| 17:30
MOBS0306
Powerpoint (464 KB) | Increasing migrant worker's access to HIV prevention and health: Lessons from Thailand
Brahm Press, Thailand
| | 17:40 | Questions & answers
Jennifer Hirsch, United States
| | 17:55 | Session wrap up
Jennifer Hirsch, United States
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Rapporteur reports
Community report by MARIA DEL CARMEN QUEVEDO TOBAR
MOBS03.- Mobile Populations and Globalization
David Mosca Director of the Department of Migration, México :Introduction
Profesor Manuel Angel Castillo Director of Estudios Demográficos Humanos in México Mobile Populations and Globalization
Phoebe Yoma Wobi Sudanese Women’s Action Network (SWAN)Challenges and problems faced by Sudanese woman and youths in the Diaspora
Dr. Rene Leyva Flores PHD in sociology and research from BarcelonaMigration and AIDS: progress and Challenges in Central America, Mexico and the US
María Lourdes Marín Action for Health Initiatives Virus and visa
Jennifer Hirsch Train anthropologist, focus on polulation migration in Colombia. Extramarital sex
Brahm Press Care International, Thailand HIV Prevention for Migrants in Destination: Lessons from Thailand
INTRODUCTION
David Mosca
Globalization is certainly the main paradigm to explain the change in this world, because it changes labor work. Probably one of the promises of globalization is the reduction of poverty and inequality. But it increase violence and violation of human rights. The relation between health and migration, should be seen in the global contents of considering the human rights and their vulnerabilities. The solution needs a multisectorial approach, for the resolution of migrant health and their access to services. There is a lot to do in stigma and discrimination, so countries must improve their laws.
MOBILE POPULATIONS AND GLOBALIZATION
Profesor Manuel Angel Castillo
Some vectors of infection transmission, are the sexual relations experience by migrants, because the have to negotiate the transit and the commercial sex. One main conclusion is that we can not anticipate the result for these phenomena. To solve the problem, state policy must protect human rights of migrants. For that, a right diagnosis should be made, so a solution for this problem can be finding.
CHALLENGES AND PROBLEMS FACED BY SUDANESE WOMEN IN DIASPORA
Phoebe Yoma Wobi
In Sudan children and grandmothers became the head of the family after the death of their parents due to HIV/AIDS. Also, forced marriage of young women, increase risk for HIV.
There is a lot of stigma and discrimination, because people can not talk about sex, and there is discrimination in the workplace and families. There are few health care facilities.
One solution is that donors and international NGO must be truly committed to working here to meet the tremendous health and social needs created by the diaspora.
MIGRATION AND AIDS: PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES IN CENTRAL AMERICA, MEXICO AND THE US
Dr. Rene Leyva Flores
Many people are coming to the United States from Mexico and Latin America. The places of origin are poor in social and economic development. Migrants are one of the most important resources.
What we know? 1. Heterogeneous social groups (cultures, nationalities, goals). 2. Migrants people are one of the healthier groups because they tend to be younger.
Migration is one determinant of vulnerability to HIV infection, because they consider sex as an exchange tool to transit and to insert in (work, house) in the US. 30% of migrant women report engaging in high risk sexual practices. One of the principal reasons for no using a condom is that they trust in their partners; oothers may be sex workers.
What can we do about access to health services?. Governmental health services have restriction to access, and migrant perceptions (possibility to be deported).
Migrants HIV prevalence. Migrants in transit at the Mexican-Guatemala Border, HIV prevalence: 2%. Migrants in transit at the Mexican-US Border, HIV prevalence: 3,4%.
Challenges: Coordination and collaboration.- NGO´s and governmental organization must work together. Complex interests and approach, but the people are the same.
VIRUS AND VISAS
María Lourdes Marín
In year 2005, there were 191 million migrants who live and/or work outside their countries of origin. One out of every 33 person worldwide is an international migrant.
60 governments have established mandatory screening (HIV). Is a pre-employment requirements at the pre-departure phase and during renewal contracts. Also, spots checks.
Mandatory testing contradicts national law on testing and violates the migrant workers rights: Consent, Counseling (pre-and post), Confidentiality. Impacts: Economic, deportation, inhumane. Stigma and Discrimination: Isolated/quarantine.
On the macro level: skewed epidemiological data.
What is being done? Regional advocacy, evidence and data gathering, international task team on HIV related travel restrictions.
EXTRAMARITAL SEX
Jennifer Hirsch
They made a five country comparative study that involves 20-30 marital case studies during 6 months.
Extramarital Opportunity Structures.- Migrant men are lonely, seek sex as a source of solace. Migrant men arrive in communities lacking in recreati
Track E report by Mandeep Dhaliwal
Findings:
- Migrants used transactional sex and survival sex in their attempt to cross borders, which placed migrants at increased risk of HIV, where condom use is low.
- There was a higher prevalence of HIV amongst migrants at borders (for example at the US/Mexican border)
- Migrant men participation in extramarital sex is a basic aspect of social organisation, produced by intertwining factors including labour migration, leisure time activities, masculine ideals and gender inequality
- Increasingly migrant workers are being tested for HIV as a condition of gaining employment
Controversies /challenges
- HIV prevention programs targeted at migrant and mobile populations need to be evidence based and targeted, existing projects and programmes need to be better co-ordinated and there needs to be improved collaboration between government and community based initiatives
- In the absence of community based efforts to alter the social structures that promote infidelity, public health programs which aim to reduce married women’s risk just by telling men to be faithful will not succeed.
- Migrant workers who test positive for HIV might not have access to treatment and care services and face deportation, based on their immigration status (registered or undocumented).
Questions
- How are the sexual and reproductive health needs of migrant workers addressed?
Conclusions
- Telling men who migrate for work not to have extramarital sex wastes scarce prevention resources
- Partner with employers that higher migrant workers and mobile populations to combat the “hidden cost” of goods and services produced with migrant labour.
- There was a call for regional advocacy with IOM and ILO
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